Scientists use light to unlock secret of atoms

Think about atoms — the building blocks of everything around us. Sometimes, they lose their electrons and become charged particles (that’s ionization). It happens in lightning, in plasma TVs, and even in the northern lights. Until now, scientists thought they could only control this process in limited ways.

Led by Ravi Bhardwaj, Full Professor at uOttawa’s Department of Physics, and PhD student Jean-Luc Begin, in collaboration with Professors Ebrahim Karimi, Paul Corkum and Thomas Brabec, the research introduces innovative methods to control ionization using specially structured light beams.

Ionization is crucial in strong field physics and attosecond science, where it describes how electrons escape from their atomic bonds. Traditionally, it was understood that this process could not be manipulated beyond certain limits. However, this new study challenges that notion.

“We have demonstrated that by using optical vortex beams — light beams that carry angular momentum — we can precisely control how an electron is ejected from an atom,” explains Professor Bhardwaj. “This discovery opens up new possibilities for enhancing technology in areas such as imaging and particle acceleration.”

The research took place over two years at uOttawa’s Advanced Research Complex. The team found that the handedness and properties of the optical vortex beams significantly affect ionization rates. By adjusting the position of a “null intensity region” within the beam, they achieved selective ionization, introducing a novel concept called optical dichroism.

Key findings from the research include:

1. The first demonstration of ionization that depends on the properties of light beams carrying angular momentum.
2. Enhanced control over ionization processes that could lead to advancements in imaging techniques beyond current limitations.
3. A new understanding of how light can be engineered to influence the behavior of electrons in unprecedented ways.

This work builds upon foundational theories in the field and has the potential to revolutionize how scientists approach ionization. This isn’t just for physics textbooks — it could lead to better medical imaging, faster computers, and more efficient ways to study materials. It’s especially promising for quantum computing, where controlling individual particles is crucial.

Professor Bhardwaj emphasizes the importance of this breakthrough: “Changing the way we think about how electrons are ejected has been challenging, but our research proves that using advanced laser technologies can lead to new discoveries that impact both science and technology.”